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intervals. The optimisation of the engine and auxiliary load further reduces inefficiencies.Cumulatively, these interventions typically deliver single-digit percentage reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions on an annualised basis, depending on the trade, the vessel%u2019s profile, and data quality, while maintaining safety and commercial commitments.How is the role of seafarers and shorebased teams evolving with the introduction of AI, remote operations, and smart vessels?The role of seafarers is evolving towards augmented decision-making rather than automation-led replacement. This means that officers maintain their full authority but are supported by data-driven tools that enhance decision-making by reducing cognitive load and improving situational awareness.Shore-based teams are increasingly focusing on exception management and scenario planning, using shared operational views of vessels to provide more targeted support. This shift requires stronger data literacy, systems thinking, and cyber awareness across both onboard and shore-based roles.Are charterers and cargo owners advocating data transparency and digital performance reporting strongly enough? Momentum towards data transparency is clearly increasing, particularly among major charterers that have made strong ESG commitments. However, expectations, data standards, and technical maturity vary across the market.We support standardised data sharing that improves safety, compliance, and performance, while respecting data governance, operational sensitivity, and the privacy of the crew.Has cyber risk become a serious threat to fleet safety and business continuity as ships become increasingly connected and software-driven? To what extent is the industry truly prepared to protect itself against these threats? Cyber risk is now an important operational and business concern. Increased connectivity and the growing integration of IT and OT systems expand the attack surface, making cyber resilience critical to fleet safety and business continuity.Effective risk management requires a defence-in-depth strategy, secure vendor ecosystems, continuous monitoring, and strong people awareness. While industry preparedness has improved, capability levels remain uneven, particularly in relation to legacy systems and incident response.Looking ten years ahead, which element of smart shipping do you believe will be the most transformative and why?The most transformative element will be trusted, interoperable data ecosystems rather than any single technology. Standardised, high-quality data enables continuous optimisation and supports more informed operational, technical and commercial decisions. Such ecosystems will allow shipping companies to make better-informed decisions that balance operational safety, commercial performance, and decarbonisation requirements.May 2026 187