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capture technology. It involves using a liquid reactor to produce CO₂ and steam. The CO₂
solvent, typically an amine compound, to can be easily captured from the flue gas by
absorb CO₂ from flue gas. The process occurs condensing the steam, while the metal oxide
in an absorption tower where the flue gas is particles can be regenerated by reacting with
brought into contact with the solvent, which air, releasing concentrated CO₂ for storage.
selectively captures the CO₂. Afterward, the 4. Membrane Separation: Membrane separation
solvent is heated to release the captured involves the use of specialized membranes
CO₂, which can be liquified or compressed to separate CO₂ from flue gas based on its
and stored or utilized in other industrial pro- molecular properties. These membranes have
CCS PROJECTS 2. Adsorption: Adsorption-based carbon cap- selective permeability, allowing CO₂ to pass
cesses.
through while blocking other gases. Mem-
brane separation can be carried out using
ture involves the use of solid materials, such
ARE GAINING as activated carbon or zeolites, to adsorb various types of membranes, such as poly-
CO₂ from flue gas. The process relies on the
meric membranes, ceramic membranes, or
principle of adsorption, which is the binding
mixed matrix membranes. This technology
MOMENTUM of gas molecules onto the surface of ta solid offers advantages like simplicity, compact-
material. Adsorption can be performed using
ness, and potential for lower energy require-
ments.
fixed-bed adsorbers or fluidized-bed sys-
tems. Once the adsorbent material reaches 5. Gas hydrate formation: Gas hydrate forma-
its saturation point, CO₂ can be desorbed by tion, also known as gas hydrate crystalliza-
reducing the pressure or increasing the tem- tion or gas hydrate clathrate formation, is a
perature, allowing the material to be reused. carbon capture technology that involves the
3. Chemical Looping: Chemical looping is an capture of CO₂ by forming gas hydrates. Gas
innovative carbon capture technology that hydrates are crystalline structures composed
utilizes metal oxide particles as an oxygen of water molecules that form cages around
Northern Lights carrier. The process involves the separa- gas molecules, such as CO₂, methane, or
illustration tion of oxygen from air using a metal oxide other gases.
(Photo: Equinor)
material, which reacts with the fuel in a fuel 6. Cryogenic Separation: Cryogenic separation

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