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19% of the participants believe that using LNG as a fuel A small percentage of the survey participants consider
will persist even after the end of the century. In your ETS the most effective measure in enforcing the reduc-
opinion, what are the uncertainty factors leading to this tion of the environmental footprint of European shipping.
particular claim? Which are the hurdles to the successful implementation
LNG is a fossil fuel, with substantially less of ETS?
CO₂ emissions than conventional liquid fuel. ETS is meant to correct a fault. It assumes
As such, it can be a good starting point for that there will be ships which emit more than
the transition but cannot be considered the others. Therefore, in the ideal case that all
definitive solution beyond 2050. ships reduce their emissions at same pace, it
As the focus is on of CO₂ emissions and not becomes ineffective.
its production per se, this allows to conclude If other countries or regions adopt a similar
that whether its use will go beyond 2100 strategy (EU alone is not enough) a global
really depends on what technologies and agreement will be required: a misalignment
solutions can support its extended use. may cause less ships calling EU ports (carbon
Most studies agree that post combustion leakage) and transfer of freight transporta-
carbon capture involves less energy con- tion to trains (negative impact to shipping as
sumption on board LNG fueled ships. an industry).
LNG reforming to produce hydrogen while By setting a cap and issuing a correspond-
capturing the CO₂ with a physical process ing number of allowances, an ETS (cap-and-
(unlike to chemical absorption of post com- trade) system achieves a set environmental
bustion technique) is also another solution. goal, but the cost of reaching that goal is
The industry is rightly concerned about the determined by market forces. Reduced eco-
emission of unburnt methane to the atmo- nomic growth would lower allowance prices
sphere. This is a good reason for many to and reduce the incentive
avoid its use. The use of revenues from ETS is still unknown.
Depending on who pays the tax or is respon-
sible for holding allowances, the ones that
are directly impacted by this system can vary
considerably.
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