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tions and maintenance after the vessel enters service.RINA and Hanwha to promote the adoption of battery-hybrid propulsion systemsRINA has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Hanwha Group, through its key affiliates, Hanwha Power Systems (now Hanwha Power), Hanwha Aerospace, and Hanwha Engine, to promote the adoption of advanced battery-hybrid propulsion systems in the maritime sector, particularly in the Ro-Ro ferry segment.The collaboration aims to accelerate the transition to low-emission vessels by leveraging innovative technologies that enable the shift from traditional internal combustion propulsion systems to advanced hybrid battery solutions, both for newbuilds and, through retrofitting, for vessels already in service. By combining the hardware expertise of the three Hanwha companies with RINA%u2019s certification know-how, the partners aim to deliver a comprehensive solution.The partnership brings together Hanwha%u2019s advanced expertise in propulsion, energy storage, and systems integration with RINA%u2019s strong regulatory and certification know-how, fostering the development and adoption of next-generation propulsion solutions.Hanwha Power Systems will act as the project%u2019s lead integrator, overseeing overall ship design and system interface development. Hanwha Aerospace will enhance safety and reliability by applying aerospace energy technologies to marine ESS solutions. RINA will play a key role in verifying and certifying the project%u2019s regulatory compliance and technical soundness for both classification and statutory certification purposes. Additionally, drawing on its extensive experience in the ferry sector, RINA will support Hanwha in analysing market trends within this specific segment.WinGD and Envision energy study shows path to green ammonia cost parityWinGD and Envision have released a pioneering study analysing the operational costs of ships powered by renewable fuels. The findings reveal that under moderate global regulations, green ammonia could achieve cost parity with VLSFO and LNG at current prices, even before additional subsidies or rewards associated with zero-emission fuels. The study, an operating-expense illustration of green-fuelled vessels on the container and bulk trades between China and Australia, uses verified lifecycle emissions factors and current estimated bunkering prices along China's coast. By 2050, green ammonia is projected to outperform LNG on a cost basis, with a predicted 5-6% lower lifecycle operating cost. Fuel consumption, use of consumables for emissions abatement, and Tank-toWake emissions are based on the reallife performance of engines in WinGD%u2019s existing portfolio: ammoniafuelled XDFA, methanolfuelled XDFM, and LNGfuelled XDF engines. For the vessel cases studied, the data %u2014 and the corresponding illustrations %u2014 show that VLSFO and LNG are currently the most cost-competitive fuel options, with green ammonia reaching similar %u2014 and eventually lower %u2014 net costs under a global regulatory regime.The study finds that e-LNG and green methanol may have a longer path to viability, requiring higher rewards under a global regime %u2014 although the price evolution will depend on how quickly producers can increase volumes. Further fuel candidates and power configurations will be modelled by WinGD in future studies.%u0391 recent study by WinGD and Envision reveals thatunder moderate global regulations, green ammonia could achieve cost parity with VLSFO and LNG at current prices, even before additional subsidies or rewards associated with zero-emission fuels.Technology & shipbuilding310 NX