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The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) marks twenty years as one of the most transformative regulatory frameworks in modern shipping, setting a global benchmark for seafarers%u2019 rights and working conditions. Often described as the %u201cfourth pillar%u201d of international maritime regulation alongside SOLAS, MARPOL and STCW, the MLC, 2006 has played a crucial role in harmonising labour standards across a highly fragmented and globalised industry.Over the past two decades, the Convention, often referred to as the %u201cseafarers' bill of rights%u201d has not only improved minimum requirements for employment, accommodation, health protection and welfare, but has also strengthened enforcement through certification and inspection regimes. Yet, its true impact extends beyond compliance. In an era shaped by geopolitical instability, crewing shortages, and increasing pressure for decarbonisation and digitalisation, the human element of shipping remains more critical than ever.As the industry reflects on twenty years of the MLC, this special feature explores its achievements, ongoing challenges, and the evolving expectations placed on shipowners, regulators, and the seafarers at the heart of global trade.A special report on the 20th anniversary of MLC236 NX