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the beginning all the fuel it will need   powered ship that does not need refuel-
                                              throughout its life  cycle and will  be   ling or incur fines is akin to the discovery
                                              required to deliver the radioactive waste   of the pendulum.
                                              it produces for safekeeping. The initial   However, the issue of radioactive waste
                                              extremely high cost and the difficulties   is systematically suppressed. Multi-page
                                              of deactivation and decommissioning   studies and analyses often fail to devote
                                              are expected to be resolved with “leas-  a single paragraph to the subject. The
                                              ing” type financing models. No technol-  communication management of the
                                              ogy is adopted commercially unless it   problem is limited to numerical estimates
                                              is competitive and economically viable.   of volume, as if volume is a measure of
                                              It is expected that the most significant   the risk. For example, no mention is made
                                              advantage of nuclear power on ships will   of the effects that a handful of radioactive
                                              be the overall lower cost of acquisition   waste would have if it were to be found
                                              and operation during its lifetime.  in a public space in a large city.
                                              Nonetheless, radioactive waste will   This “scientific approach”, which meas-
                                              remain  the major unresolved issue.   ures radioactive waste by volume, is
                                              Although nuclear propulsion does not   equivalent to measuring electric current
                                              emit pollutants during operation, it cre-  with... a ruler.
                                              ates high-intensity, long-lived radioac-  No problem is solved if we ignore or
                                              tive waste that requires safe storage for   underestimate it.  The questions of
                                              hundreds or even thousands of years.   where and how to dispose of nuclear
                                              This timescale exceeds any historical   waste remain technically unresolved
                                              human experience with technology.  and as politically charged as ever. In
                                              Giants like Microsoft,  Amazon, and   the United States, for example, the only
                                              Google are investing billions of dollars in   long-term underground repository for
                                              promoting and “decriminalising” nuclear   nuclear waste has been put on hold
                                              energy. Indeed, polls show growing pub-  indefinitely. New research programmes
                                              lic acceptance.                   have been funded to study the effects
                                              In shipping, the promise of a nuclear-   of underground nuclear waste disposal











































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